# Research Methods
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## Research is formalized curiosity
As anthropologist Zora Neale Hurston wrote in her autobiography:
> Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose.[^1]
Most of the research I undertake is rooted in my personal interests. But for research to be useful requires rigor. That’s why I’m thorough and combine several complementary approaches to explore, interpret, apply, and iterate.
## Process
These steps aren’t strictly linear or mutually exclusive — they’re recurring and overlapping. I move back and forth between them, especially in and near the areas where they intersect.
### Exploring
- **Foraging.** I seek out and critically absorb well-grounded sources such as research papers, survey data, thoughtful commentary, and relevant books and articles.
- **Interviewing.** I speak with people whose expertise I respect to learn from their insights — both providers and users of the technologies I’m researching.
- **Experimenting.** I use new technologies not only in common ways but also in ways that push boundaries, go off-trail, and explore corner cases, especially with AI systems.
### Interpreting
- **Analyzing.** I dissect ideas, practices, technologies, and their implications, as well as the assumptions that underlie them.
- **Clarifying.** I unpack and refine key concepts and terminology — because effective language sharpens thinking, whereas poor language distorts it.
- **Synthesizing.** I identify relevant linkages between the essentials I’ve distilled from many inputs, across disciplines, and connect the dots.
### Applying
- **Contextualizing.** I situate and concretize my observations in practical commercial, organizational, and societal contexts.
- **Validating.** I seek constructive critical feedback about my argumentation and its relevance from my interviewees and other people I trust.
### Iterating
- **Questioning.** I periodically revisit my past research to uncover assumptions and conclusions that no longer hold.
- **Refreshing.** I update evidence and ideas that have become dated and gone stale, and replace terminology that has evolved.
## Impartiality
When I mention an organization or its products in my research, I apply the same standards and critical lens regardless of whether the organization is a client.
## How I use AI in my work
AI is not a research method but it can be a relevant tool. My approach, in short:
- I do **not** use AI to write on my behalf.
- I do use AI for various other tasks — taking care to **mitigate the risks**.
For specifics, see **[[Tools|Research tools]]**.
[^1]: Zora Neale Hurston, *[Dust Tracks on a Road](https://search.worldcat.org/title/34946730)* (New York: HarperPerennial, 1996), as quoted in Lynda Hoffman-Jeep, “[Creating Ethnography: Zora Neale Hurston and Lydia Cabrera](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140366116),” *[African American Review](https://afamreview.org/)* (2005).